Covid-19 Mppt Algorithm Application to Solar Energy Conversion System

Alternative energy alternatives to traditional energy sources like coal and fossil fuels include solar PV and wind energy conversion systems. The solar and wind energy conversion system's maximum power may be obtained by activating the converters. There are several MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) regulating methods for solar and wind energy conversion systems. For solar PV energy conversion systems, this study suggests two MPPT controlling techniques: Covid-19 MPPT and FLC-based MPPT. The two MPPT methods that are suggested are put into practise using MATLAB. The first Covid-19 approach that has been developed combines aspects of hill climbing and progressive conductance methods. Calculate the direction of the perturbation for the PV modules' operation using the incremental conductance approach. The method of ascending hills is straightforward and involves fewer variables. When dI/dV equals the incremental conductance, the Maximum Power Point (MPP) is attained using the incremental conductance approach. In the hill climbing approach, the MPP is determined by comparing the power in the present and the past. Both incremental conductance and change of power are taken into account in the proposed Covid-19 MPPT regulating approach to obtain the MPP. With this hybrid approach, solar PV generates the most electricity possible under all conditions of temperature and irradiance. As a result, the planned Covid-19 technique moves forward as intended and swiftly reaches the MPP.Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.

Foreign Body Ingestion: A Real Hazard during the Covid Pandemic

Children curiosity for exploring their surrounding environment make them prone to foreign body (FB) ingestion which may lead to injuries and surgical intervention. COVID pandemic and national lockdown has impacted children's normal environment in addition to the changes in the health care system provision. The aim was to determine if the pandemic had a direct impact on the number and management of FB ingestion cases. Method All patients who were referred to our institution with diagnosis of FB from March 2020 to December 2020 were included. They were compared with FB referral during the period March-Dec 2019 as a control. Data included patients' demographics time to presentation type of FB ingested and management approach. Results There was a total of 30 patients with diagnosis of gastrointestinal FB during the study period as compared to 12 patients during the control periods. Thus during the COVID pandemic there was 2.5 times rise in number of cases. The mean age at presentation was 6.4 years during the study period as compared to 4.6 years in the control group. Timing of presentation varied from 0 to 57 days during the COVID pandemic as compared to control group who presented within 24hr except one who presented after 48hr.The most common foreign bodies encountered during the pandemic were button batteries (12) magnets (7) coins (5), other sharp and metallic objects (6). Two third (67%) of patients in the study period required surgical intervention as compared to one third (33%) during the control period. Most common site of impaction was stomach (40%) followed by oesophagus (36.6%). Conclusion The total number of children diagnosed with FB ingestion had significantly increased during the COVID pandemic. Public campaigns should be focused on raising awareness about the danger and medical emergency as a result of FB ingestion.

The review of international forum on magnetic force control IFMFC activity from 2010

The Magnetic Force Control MFC technology is very useful because of its physical treatment process. Especially the Magnetic Separation MS technology is expected to contribute to SDGs 2030, Circular Economy and Carbon neutral 2050 realization. This paper describes the review of the IFMFC activity from 2010. The IFMFC is organized by three local committees of researchers in Japan, China and Korea. The IFMFC aims to exchange the information of the development results using the MFC technology and to educate the young researchers. The forum has been held in every year around three countries. In 2020 and 2021, the forum was organized by Zoom online due to the COVID-19. The 134 presentations were made up to 2020. The breakdown of these presentations are categorized to the environment remediation52%, material resource37% and fundamental research/technology11%. The Super Conducting Magnet SCM development promotes the MFC technologies. There are some impressive backgrounds as to the brilliant SM technology applications for many different magnetism;SCM development, High Gradient Magnetic Separation HGMS, magnetic seeding method and magneto-Archimedes effect. This paper reviews the IFMFC activity according to those presented presentations.

Generation of a photocontrollable recombinant bovine parainfluenza virus type 3.

Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3) is a promising vaccine vector against various respiratory virus infections, including the human PIV3, respiratory syncytial virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 infections. In this study, we combined the Magnet system and reverse genetic approach to generate photocontrollable BPIV3. An optically controllable Magnet gene was inserted into the H2 region of the BPIV3 large protein gene, which encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The generated photocontrollable BPIV3 grew in specific regions of the cell sheet only when illuminated with blue light, suggesting that spatiotemporal control can aid in safe clinical applications of BPIV3.

Increased Emergency Department Visits for Foreign Body Ingestions Requiring Hospitalizations during the Covid-19 Pandemic in the Pediatric Population

Background: Foreign body ingestions (FBI) are most commonly seen in children aged 6 months to 4 years and occur at home. Most foreign bodies pass through the gastrointestinal tract without causing any injury. However, 10-20% of cases require endoscopic intervention and <1% require surgery. On March 4th, 2020, a state of emergency in California was announced in response to the evolving COVID-19 pandemic, including closure of all county public schools on March 13th, 2020, and a shelter-in-place order ceasing all non-essential business and travel on March 16th, 2020. Despite the breadth of data on FBIs prior to the pandemic, and others outlining findings from surgical perspectives or in other countries during the pandemic, there is limited data on FBIs and the COVID-19 pandemic in a US pediatric Level 1 Trauma Center in a state with extended and strict mandated shutdowns. Method(s): We used the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) data set for a single large tertiary center, retrospective analysis of FBI, patient demographics, and patient disposition between 3/16/2019-3/15/2021 to better characterize FBI prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our primary outcome measure was the number of patients presenting to our emergency department (ED) and admitted to our hospital for FBI. High Risk FBI were events involving button batteries, magnets, lead-based objects, or sharp objects (broken glass, needles, nails). We also conducted a secondary chart review to collect demographic data on FBI patients who required admission. All automatically collected data was qualitatively screened and systematically categorized for more effective data presentation. Result(s): While the overall number of presentations to the ED remained similar (279 to 268), there was a higher rate of admissions (8.9% vs 12.3%) during the pandemic. The average age of patients with an ingestion was 42.5 months pre-pandemic, 52.7 months during pandemic;the average age of patients admitted for an FBI was 35.4 months pre-pandemic, 50.9 months during pandemic. The number of high-risk ingestions during the pandemic (10.8% vs 14.2%) was higher. Of children who needed to be admitted, a greater number required endoscopic procedures during the pandemic (29.9% vs 38.5%). There was also a larger proportion of patients belonging to ethnic minorities (Black, Asian, Hispanic/Latino) that were admitted during the pandemic (45.5% vs 63.0%). Conclusion(s): Both ED and hospital admission data reflect the disruption to the home and work environments that the general population experienced in the pandemic. The increased average age of a FBI-presenting and FBI-admitted patient could reflect the increased incidence in older, possibly school-aged children, in light of the state-wide shutdown of schools and children being at home full-time. The increase in high risk and admission rates in the pandemic also suggests that mandates placing children in the home increase their exposure to harmful materials and increased risk of serious injury requiring invasive procedures. We serve a particularly vulnerable population;the majority of our patients are insured by Medicaid and of lower socioeconomic status (SES), and we would expect that the increase in FBI is correlated to SES. Moving forward, we would like to further investigate how the COVID-19 pandemic may have further exacerbated pediatric health disparities by analyzing health outcomes based on patients' preferred language (English or other) and home zip code and corresponding census info (median household income, percent living below the poverty line). In our at-risk population, based on the above data, we propose implementing proactive counseling by primary care providers (PCP) on safety around FBI. Education provided to families at PCP visits on securing dangerous objects in the home may help decrease FBI especially during times when children are required to be at home more often, like during a pandemic.

The Dark Side of the Force Rises: Uptrends of Button Battery and Magnet Ingestions by Children Two Years into the Covid-19 Pandemic

Background Foreign body ingestion among children is a well-known, potentially hazardous injury that can prove fatal. We recently reported on trends in foreign body ingestions during the first year of the pandemic. This study aims to investigate whether the trends seen during the first year of the pandemic in the setting of stay-at-home orders, including decreases in foreign body ingestions at school and increase in danger foreign body ingestions (button batteries and magnets) continued into the second year of the pandemic. Methods We used the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database to evaluate the frequency of suspected-foreign body ingestions (FBI) in children ages 0-17 years of age for years 2017-2021. For the purposes of our analyses, we identified 2017-2019 and 2020-2021 as the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods, respectively. FBI frequencies were then annualized based on the number of years contained within each period. We used the NEISS coding manual to assign classes to the consumer products implicated in FBI including: electronics (including cylindrical and button batteries), magnets, coins, toys, desk supplies, bathroom items, jewelry, fasteners (screws, nails, etc.) and holiday items (Christmas ornaments, holiday decor, etc.). Escalation of care was defined as hospital admission or transfer. All reported values are populations national estimates generated from actual FBI encounters at NEISS sampled emergency rooms and were calculated using the NEISS-supplied weights and variance variables. Rao-Scott Chi-square was used for all categorical comparisons. Logistic regression modeling was used for comparison of continuous variables. Results The majority of FBI occurred in children age 0-5 years. During the COVID period, 56% of ingestions occurred in males. There was no significant increase in estimated total FBI between the pre-COVID-19 and COVID period (55,175 (95% confidence intervals (95% CI) 39,329-71,020) vs 54,325 (95% CI 37,880-70,769), P=0.06). The estimated number of ingestions occurring in school decreased from pre-COVID-19 (2,306 (95% CI 1,635-2,976)) compared to COVID-19 (1,327(95% CI 640-2,015), P=0.07). The estimated number of children requiring escalation of care due to FBI increased between the two time periods (6,375 (95% CI 4,167-8,583) vs 7,508 (95% CI 4,673-10,343);p=0.8) (table 1). The estimated frequency of magnet ingestions increased significantly between the two time periods (2,603 (95% CI 1,627-3,579) vs 4,481 (95% CI 2,982-5,890), P<0.0001). The number of multiple magnet ingestions also increased (738 (95% CI 371-1,106) vs 1,355 (95% CI 841-1,869), P<0.0001). The number of estimated button battery ingestions also increased (300 (95% CI 101-498) vs 510 (95% CI 283-738), P<0.01) (figure 1). Conclusion While there was no significant increase in the frequency of total foreign body ingestions during the pandemic, the proportion of the most dangerous ingestion subtypes (magnets and button batteries) and the need for care escalation increased significantly. The injury patterns described in this analysis, provides an opportunity for targeted advocacy and education of patients, parents, educators, caregivers, and policymakers. This should guide future pandemic public health campaigns to increase home safety and prevent harmful FBI.

Preparation of the luciferase-labeled antibody for improving the detection sensitivity of viral antigen.

BACKGROUND: Viral antigen detection test is the most common method used to detect viruses in the field rapidly. However, due to the low sensitivity, it can only be used as an auxiliary diagnosis method for virus infection. Improving sensitivity is crucial for developing more accurate viral antigen tests. Nano luciferase (Nluc) is a sensitive reporter that has not been used in virus detection. RESULTS: In this study, we produced an intracellularly Nluc labeled detection antibody (Nluc-ch2C5) and evaluated its ability to improve the detection sensitivity of respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigens. Compared with the traditional horse-radish peroxidase (HRP) labeled antibody (HRP-ch2C5), Nluc-ch2C5 was 41 times more sensitive for inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus by sandwich chemiluminescence ELISA. Then we applied Nluc-ch2C5 to establish an automatic magnet chemiluminescence immune assay (AMCA) for the SARS-CoV-2 viral spike protein, the limit of detection was 68 pfu/reaction. The clinical sensitivity and specificity reached 75% (24/32) and 100% (48/48) using 32 PCR-positive and 48 PCR-negative swab samples for clinical evaluation, which is more sensitive than the commercial ELSA kit and colloid gold strip kit. CONCLUSIONS: Here, monoclonal antibody ch2C5 served as a model antibody and the SARS-CoV-2 served as a model pathogen. The Nluc labeled detecting antibody (Nluc-ch2C5) significantly improved the detection sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 antigen. This labeling principle applies to other viral infections, so this labeling and test format could be expected to play an important role in detecting other virus antigens.

Feast or Famine: A National Stay-at-home Order Is Associated with an Increase in Pediatric Foreign Body Ingestions Presenting to Emergency Departments in 2020 Compared to 2011-2019

Background: Foreign body ingestion among children is a wellknown, potentially hazardous injury that can prove fatal. A recent single-center report demonstrated an increased frequency of caustic/toxic ingestions during the pandemic, but the trend in foreign body ingestions has yet to be evaluated. Our study aims to investigate whether the stay-at-home order during the COVID-19 pandemic associated with an increase in foreign body ingestion frequency. Methods: We used the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database to evaluate the frequency of suspected-foreign body ingestions (FBI) in children ages 0-17 years of age for years 2017-2020. For the purposes of our analyses, we identified 2017-2019 and 2020 as the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods, respectively. FBI frequencies were then annualized based on the number of years contained within each period. We used the NEISS coding manual to assign classes to the consumer products implicated in FBI including: electronics (including cylindrical and button batteries), magnets, coins, toys, desk supplies, bathroom items, jewelry, fasteners (screws, nails, etc.) and holiday items (Christmas ornaments, holiday décor, etc.). Escalation of care was defined as hospital admission or transfer. All reported values are populations national estimates generated from actual FBI encounters at NEISS sampled emergency rooms and were calculated using the NEISS-supplied weights and variance variables. Rao-Scott Chi-square was used for all categorical comparisons. Results: The majority of FBI occurred in children age 0-5 years. During the COVID period, 57% of ingestions occurred in males. There was no significant decrease in estimated total FBI between the pre-COVID-19 and COVID period (59,933 (95% confidence intervals (95% CI) 42,978-76,888) vs 54,926 (95% CI 39,532-70,319);P=0.06).The estimated number of ingestions occurring in school decreased from pre-COVID-19 (2,678 (95% CI 1,855-3,501)) compared to COVID-19 (1,189 (95% CI 579-1,800), P=0.008). The estimated number of children requiring escalation of care due to FBI increased between the two time periods (6,923 (95% CI 4,605-9,241) vs 8,041 (95% CI 5,305-10,777);p=0.0016). The estimated frequency of magnet ingestions increased significantly between the two time periods (2,891 (95% CI 1,861-3,921) vs 4,816 (95% CI 3,213-6,419), P<0.0001).The number of estimated electronics FBI also increased significantly (5,757 (95% CI 3,833-7,681) vs 6,881 (95% CI 4,417-9,344), P=0.001). Conclusion: While there was no significant increase in the frequency of total foreign body ingestions during the pandemic, the proportion of the most dangerous ingestion subtypes (magnets and electronics) up trended significantly. As expected, the frequency of FBI that occurred at school significantly decreased. The injury patterns described in this analysis, particularly with respect to electronics and magnets, provides an opportunity for targeted advocacy and education of patients, parents, educators, and other caregivers. This should guide future pandemic public health campaigns to increase home safety and prevent future FBI. (Table Presented).

Price-limit effectiveness: evidence from the Borsa Istanbul (BIST)

Purpose>This paper aims to analyze the impact of price-limit hits by hit type and when such hits start and stop using intraday trades and quotes at a one-second frequency for firms included in the BIST-50 index during the 13-months starting with March 2008. Like the recent COVID-19 period, this period includes the heightened stress in global financial markets in September 2008.Design/methodology/approach>Using intra-day trades and quotes at a one-second frequency, the authors examine the market effects of price limits for firms included in the BIST-50 index during the global financial crisis. The authors compare the values of various metrics for 60 min centered on price-limit hit periods. The authors conduct robustness tests using auto regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models with trade-by-trade and with 3-min returns.Findings>The findings are supportive of the following hypotheses: magnet price effects, greater informational asymmetric effects of market quality and each version of price discovery. Results are robust using samples differentiated by cross-listed status, same-day quotes instead of transaction prices and equidistant and trade-by-trade returns.Originality/value>The authors use intraday data to reduce measurement error that is particularly pronounced when daily data are used to assess price limits that start and/or stop during a trading session. The authors contribute to the micro-structure literature by using ARIMA models with trade-by-trade and 3-min returns to alleviate some bias due to the autocorrelations in returns around price-limit hits in the presence of a magnet effect. The authors include some recent regulation changes in various countries to illustrate the importance of circuit breakers using price limits during COVID-19.

Frontline nurses’ appraisal of organizational attractiveness and the role of management support, interdepartmental collaboration climate and service quality of care

Purpose>This paper aims to examine the factors related to organizational attractiveness (OA), a concept originating in the strategy of employer branding. Previous research on OA has predominantly adopted the perspective of external applicants. In contrast, the present study takes the perspective of internal and current employees, extending further the scope of studies on OA.Design/methodology/approach>Quantitative data were collected from a survey consisting of a sample of 164 nurses, all employees of public hospitals. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. Furthermore, the indirect effects were tested by mediator analysis.Findings>Interdepartmental collaboration climate, management support and service quality of care were shown to have a positive effect on OA, with the three factors explaining 45% (R2 = 0.45) of OA. The relationship between management support and OA was found to be mediated through the interdepartmental collaboration climate, and that between the interdepartmental collaboration climate and OA was found to be mediated through the service quality of care.Originality/value>This study contributes to an understanding of OA from a current employee perspective. Specifically, it reveals how the three factors of interdepartmental collaboration climate, management support and service quality of care influence and shape the perception of current employees (nurses) toward the attractiveness of their organization.

Experimental Tests on a Spoke-Type Permanent Magnets Synchronous Machine for Light Electric Vehicle Application

Featured ApplicationLight electric vehicles propulsion.In an attempt to limit the effects of global warming, virtually all car manufacturers have introduced in the last years Hybrid or full Electric Vehicles. The current study shows the experimental testing of a spoke-type PMSM that was developed based on the requirements of the L6e European light vehicle class. A test bench was developed for this purpose, using a DC machine fed by a bidirectional DC Power Supply that allowed the testing of the PMSM prototype both in motor and generator/brake regimes. The Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) was implemented on the control stage of the testing set-up, allowing an accurate estimation of the PMSM-based E-drivetrain performance. The test results validated the FEM-simulated results and provided an insight on the efficiency of the entire drive system (battery–inverter–PMSM) and the autonomy of the L6e light EV. The electric drive system was integrated and tested on a prototype vehicle in normal operating conditions, validating the results obtained on the developed test bench.

Magnet-related foreign body aspiration in two children requiring thoracotomy: A concerning report

With the increase in use of smaller magnets in gadgets and toys at home, magnets pose a growing aspiration risk in children. We present two simultaneous cases of magnet-related foreign body aspiration (FBA) in two children, in two different cities: Karachi, and Lahore. They presented with similar signs and symptoms: tachypnea, tachycardia and asymmetric breath sounds on auscultation. They were initially diagnosed with the help of a chest X ray. Both the cases were complicated by failed bronchoscopy attempts due to the slippery texture of the magnet. Due to the failed bronchoscopy, both patients had a prolonged and complicated course including a 24–48 hour stay in the PICU prior to magnet removal. They eventually had to undergo thoracotomy for successful removal of the magnet. Both had an unremarkable post-operative course and were discharged in good health.

VENTILATED N95 RESPIRATORS REDUCE CO2 REBREATHING AND HAVE BETTER ACCEPTABILITY

Background and Aims: N95 respirator mask are worn when performing aerosol generating procedures in patient with COVID-19 infection. N95 masks are known to increase work of breathing and providers frequently develop headache, tiredness, and lack of concentration that is known to impact complex tasks. Our aims were to test if positive and negative pressure ventilation mitigate CO2 rebreathing while maintaining the N95 mask integrity and to assess if this is associated with increased acceptance of ventilated mask. Methods: As shown in (Figure 1), negative pressure ventilation was achieved by using dual magnets to attach a suction (180 mm Hg) to the standard N95 respirator mask (Aura 1870+, 3M, St. Paul, MN). The positive pressure ventilation was achieved by creating a sealed opening in the standard N95 respirator mask connected via a tubing to a rechargeable and portable H13 PM2.5 high efficiency air-purifier at airflow rate of 1.2 cfm at a low 17DB sound (Aurora, Cypress, Tx). In mask, CO2 rebreathing levels were measured using E-sCAi0 (GE Healthcare, Helsinki, Finland). Five volunteers scored the acceptance based on established R-COMFI score. Data presented as mean±SEM. Results: Significantly lower mean CO2 levels were noted when negative pressure (16±6 mm Hg) or positive pressure (24±6 mm Hg) mask ventilation measures were used compared to non-ventilated (38±2 mm Hg, p<0.05) 95 respirator mask (Figure 2). Overall mask acceptance using R-COMFI score was significantly better for both negative (5.36±0.5) and positive (9.36±0.4) pressure ventilated masks compared to non-ventilated (9.36±1, p<0.05) N95 respirator mask. The favorable R-COMFI scores for negative pressure ventilation N95 mask were influenced by decreased discomfort but the favorable positive pressure ventilation N95 mask R-COMFI scores were influenced by better wearing experience and function. Both negative and positive pressure ventilated mass passed fit testing without any compromise to its ability to prevent aerosol exposure. Conclusion: Modification of N95 respirator mask by negative or positive pressure ventilation decreases rebreathing of high concentration of CO2 trapped in the mask. Ventilated masks are effective to prevent aerosol exposure and have better acceptance. Developing novel ventilated mask will be useful strategy during the pandemic as well as in the future at workplace with potential biologic and non-biologic exposures. (Image Presented) (Image Presented) (Image Presented)

Whole Blood Adhesion to VCAM-1 and P-Selectin and RBC Mechanical Fragility Can be Compromised in Long COVID-19 Patients with Sickle Cell Disease

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause severe vascular complications associated with endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation. COVID19-specific IgG are detectable within a week of infection. Long COVID-19 has been described in patients continuing to exhibit symptoms after the virus is no longer detectable in the respiratory secretions, including fatigue, dyspnea, headache, and brain fog. The recent FAIR Health study reviewed a total of 1,959,982 COVID-19 patients for the prevalence of long COVID symptoms and reported that 23.2% had at least one post-COVID symptom [1]. The underlying biologic mechanisms of long COVID remain unclear, thus treatments are limited to symptomatic relief and supportive care. Many long COVID symptoms are consistent with systemic inflammation and impaired oxygen delivery observed in individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD), in turn associated with elevated blood cell adhesion and decreased red blood cell (RBC) stability. The aim of this study was to determine if deleterious changes in in blood cell properties related to adhesion and membrane stability under stress can be associated with the symptoms of long COVID-19. In this work we evaluated 7 SCD patients that were diagnosed with SARS-Cov-2 and tracked their recovery using semiquantitative IgG and blood cell function assays. Methods: Blood samples were collected by the Foundation for Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) Research from SCD (homozygous SS, n=6) patients coming for regular or urgent clinic visit with SARS-CoV-2 serological and blood cell functions tests performed per the standard of care. Semiquantitative IgG assay was performed using DXi-80 (Beckman Coulter). Flow adhesion of whole blood to VCAM-1 (FA-WB-VCAM)and P-Selectin (FA-WB-Psel) substrates were determined by counting the cells that remain adherent in a microfluidics channel after perfusion with whole blood 1:1 diluted with HBSS buffer and washed by reversed flow at 1 dyne/cm 2. Red blood cell mechanical fragility (RBC MF) was measured as hemolysis induced by an oscillating cylindrical magnet with periodic non-invasive probing of cell-free hemoglobin fraction. Six individuals with SCD recovering from SARS-Cov-2 with biomarker data available both before and for more than 3 months after the infection (179±62 days) were included in the study. Results: IgG levels varied from less than 0.1 to 37, with positive values being defined as IgG > 1. The median estimated half-life of IgG decline was 53 days ranging from 25 to 90 days (the last, for the hospitalized patient). Averaged for IgG positive (IgG+) and IgG negative (IgG-) conditions, combining pre- and post-infection IgG- conditions, values of patient hemoglobin (Hb), FA-WB-VCAM, FA-WB-Psel, and RBC MF cell properties lacked statistical significance (under both a paired t-test and population statistics). Hb levels remained essentially unchanged regardless of the time from infection or IgG status. However, FA-WB-VCAM, FA-WB-Psel, and RBC MF were all significantly elevated after SARS-Cov-2 seroconversion and remained elevated despite declining IgG levels (e.g., Fig. 1). These increases in biomarker values were statistically significant for both FA-WB-VCAM and RBC MF, and were approaching significance for FA-WB-Psel (p<0065). These increases were highly patient-specific with potential return to pe-infection values observed in some cases at about 5-6 months after the infection. A qualitative review of the medical records indicated a new subjective report of fatigue in 5 of 6 patients. Longer observations are required to determine if abnormal blood cell adhesive properties and RBC membrane instability are mechanisms of long-COVID-19 pathophysiology. Conclusions: Whole blood adhesion to both p-selectin and VCAM-1 as well as RBC membrane stability can be significantly impaired in convalescent SARS-Cov-2 patients suggesting an association with long COVID-19. New and emerging treatments that modify whole blood adhesive properties and RBC membrane stability should be investigated for t eir potential to accelerated recovery from long COVID-19. Health F. A Detailed Study of Patients with Long-Haul COVID: An Analysis of Private Healthcare Claims;White Paper. June 15, 2021 Disclosures: Tarasev: Functional Fluidics: Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Ferranti: Functional Fluidics: Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Allen: Functional Fluidics: Current Employment. Gao: Functional Fluidics: Current Employment. Topping: Functional Fluidics: Current Employment. Ferranti: Functional Fluidics: Current Employment. Makinde-Odesola: Functional Fluidics: Other: conduct research for academic program. Hines: Functional Fluidics: Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company.